Organic cotton basics: how to read labels on underwear, socks and T-shirts

What organic cotton on a label can mean

Organic refers to how the cotton was grown. Whether a garment is organic can depend on how much of the fiber is organic and whether a certifier is named. Some listings say organic cotton blend, which means other fibers are mixed in. Read the fiber content line, not the headline.

• Certifier named: look up the certifier's own site to see what its mark covers, such as the fiber, the processing or both.
• Made with organic cotton: usually means a portion of the fabric. Check the fiber line.
• Dyes and finishes: a garment can have organic cotton and still be dyed or finished. If this matters to you, look for what the listing says about them.

Underwear, socks and T-shirts differ

Wash new items before first wear and follow the care label. Anyone with questions about skin and fabrics should ask a dermatologist or doctor.

• Underwear: look at the fiber of the waistband and the lining. Elastic is often synthetic, so a pair may not be all cotton.
• Socks: cotton is often blended with nylon or elastane for stretch and durability, so expect a blend.
• T-shirts: weight, neck finish and fit matter more than the label wording. Check the size chart, since cuts vary.

Care and sizing

1. Read the care label before the first wash, since cotton can shrink.
2. Wash similar colors together.
3. Check the return policy, as sizing varies between brands.

Our angle: cost per wear

A basic worn weekly for a couple of years costs less per wear than a cheaper one you stop wearing. To compare, divide the price by the number of times you expect to wear it. Compare multipacks by price per piece, and be aware that a pack may mix sizes or colors. We do not claim how long any garment lasts, so use the return policy and the maker's care sheet as a guide.

• Buy one pack, wear it for a few weeks, and then decide on more.
• Match pack size to your laundry cycle.

Gift angle

Socks and tees are common stocking gifts, so see Christmas gift ideas by budget. Under the FTC Green Guides, eco claims should be specific, and our guides to organic cotton sheets and towels explain the same label reading.